Thesis Economics - 3216 Words

Chapter I The Problem and its Background Introduction The aim of this study is to analyze and understand the effects of the current economic problem of the Philippines to education. It is very apparent that various factors raised by the present economic crisis caused a lot of changes in everyone’s choice of where to get quality education for the young Filipinos that comprise half of the Philippine population (NCSO, 2007 Census of Population and Housing,). The present economic situation of the Philippines had impacted the education situation of the country when big part of the population is living just within the poverty line. Tuition fee increases had made education unaffordable to many. High transportation fares, unaffordable†¦show more content†¦Ã¢Å¾ ¢ Processes through which trained teachers use child-centred teaching approaches in well-managed classrooms and schools and skilful assessment to facilitate learning and reduce disparities. âž ¢ Outcomes that encompass knowledge, skills and attitudes, and are linked to national goals for education and positive participation in society. Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies This section discusses the role of the â€Å"economic problem† to the education of Filipinos. The right to education is recognized as a basic human right under Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. According to the United Nations Educational,Show MoreRelatedResponse to Turners Essay on The Significance of the Frontier in American History501 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen indicated, the frontier is productive of individualism. 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The first strike against the frontier thesis is the overwhelming evidence demonstrating that pioneers were not rugged individualistsRead MorePenn Foster Journal Enteries3050 Words   |  13 Pages 15. Develops technology 16. Developing/Exposing new ideas cheaply 17. Independently developing a business 18. Learning/ Education mediums 19. Wasting time 20. Another expensive 21. Having to keep up with technological inflation Thesis: Computers have had the largest impact on my personal life compared to any other piece of technology in existence. September 28, 2011 -Entry 3: DRAFTING Evidence: 1. 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It is divided into the following parts: PART I: Types of Essays PART II: Developing a Thesis from a Topic PART III: Introductions PART IV: The Body Paragraphs PART V: The Rebuttal PART VI: The Conclusion PART VII: Writing an Exam Essay PART VIII: Stylistic Considerations PARTRead MorePersonal Statement For Economics755 Words   |  4 Pagesmarkets has always intrigued me, ever since I was a young undergraduate. What fascinated me most about economics was the effort to mathematically model this dynamic driven in part by human behavior and social tendencies. During my undergraduate study, I got an opportunity to explore various facets of global markets and got a chance to work on several academic projects to empirically model economic theories. At the same time, I received the opportunity to intern at Ernst and Young Financial ServicesRead MoreA Free Market Is Governed By Ethan Watters s Rent Seeking And The Making Of An Unequal Society845 Words   |  4 Pagesthe market corrupt and faulty. 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Consumerism Comparison The Card Shark Commercial and the...

The comparison of the two Doritos ads comes from 1970’s Card Shark commercial and the 2010 Super Bowl commercial showing a little boy telling her moms date not to touch momma or his Doritos. Both commercial show a conflict that happens between the main players in the ads. The main comparison that you see is the race of the actors. As I reviewed the 1970’s ads I could not find any that were racially equal with the cast members. I in the 1970’s thirty second Doritos ad with in the first nine seconds you know what this commercial is selling Doritos. The opening seen the main actor is setting at a table well dressed in a suit playing cards with three other gentlemen. At about seven or eight seconds into the thirty second commercial and you still can not tell with the product is being sold. The lighting in the room behind the main actor appears dark, with one lady in a red dress and two other actors coming down steps the rest of the room does not appear to be notable because of the like of lighting darkness of the furniture and walls. At ten seconds the secondary main actor comes into full frame with the Doritos bag firmly in hand showing product being sold. The lighting around the actor is dim, but the Doritos bag has it on light showing on it and it can be seen clearly. At fifteen seconds into the ad if the consumer had some how missed with the ad was selling they reinforced it by using the Doritos signature statement â€Å" When people eat Doritos brand tortilla chips one good

Racial Profiling Free Essays

Imagine driving home with your family, after enjoying a nice night out of dinner and a movie. All of a sudden you see flashing lights and are being pulled over by a police officer. Your children are asking what’s wrong and why you are pulling over, and you are wondering the same thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Profiling or any similar topic only for you Order Now As if being pulled over was not enough, you are then pulled out at gunpoint in front of your crying children and detained for about 30 minutes. Eventually, the officer tells you to go about your way, without offering an apology or valid reason for pulling you over. As you sit by the roadside, in shock and utter disbelief about what just occurred, you feel totally violated and wonder if you are all alone with your feelings. Unfortunately, you are not because everyday countless others will experience some form of racial profiling, and many Americans do not have to imagine being in this type of situation, because it has been there reality for quite some time. Americans are being subjected to racial profiling by local law enforcement agencies, security guards, airport security and the federal government at alarming rates. In 2005, The Department of Justice released a report that documenting the disparity in regards to racial profiling by law enforcement. That report showed that African Americans and Latinos were 3 times more likely than Caucasians to experience force or threat during a police stop, and were also about 3 times more likely to be searched during a stop as reported on a fact sheet posted by the National Association the Advancement of Colored People (http://www. naacp. org/advocacy/research/facts/Criminal. Justice. 9. 07. pdf). In April of 2008, the ACLU of Arizona issued a report, based on Department of Public Safety (DPS) data, which showed that Minorities were usually stopped for longer periods of time than Caucasians and also 2. 5 more times likely to be searched after being stopped by DPS, even though they were less likely to be found with contraband (ACLU of Arizona, Driving While Black or Brown 3 (2008), available at http://www. acluaz. org/ DrivingWhileBlackorBrown. pd). These figures may seem small, but the effects of these instances are paramount. Racial profiling is an inexcusable and unethical intrusion of civil liberties, based solely upon a person’s innate condition and characteristics. Racial profiling, according to Dictionary. com, is â€Å"a form of racism involving police focus on people of certain racial groups when seeking suspected criminals. † Unfortunately this behavior is not new but a continuous problem that has been ongoing for decades nationally as well as locally. Operation Wetback as it was referred for example, was a U. S. government effort to wipe out Mexicans after the Bracero Program, a labor exchange program, which had brought thousands of Mexicans to work legally in agriculture. According to the Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West, â€Å"in attempting to execute Operation Wetback, police and Border Patrol agents swept through Latino neighborhoods interrogating and otherwise harassing Americans of Mexicans descent or anyone who ‘looked Mexican. † Racial profiling in the past didn’t only involve Latinos but other races and ethnic groups as well. Profiling has also been proved to exist among Asian Americans also. During World War II, after Japan had bombed Pearl Harbor, U. S. government officials began secluding approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans, two-thirds of whom were U. S. Citizens and done solely on race. According to Cathy Young, a Boston Globe columnist â€Å"this is almost universally regarded as a shameful blot on America’s history, a cautionary tale of racism†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These are just a few examples of racial profiling in our country, an issue that just about every race has dealt with one time or another. References ACLU of Arizona, Driving While Black or Brown 3 (2008), available at http://www. acluaz. org/ DrivingWhileBlackorBrown. pdf. Lacey, Michaels. (2009, March 19) Are Your Papers in Order? Phoenix New Times. Retrieved September 17, 2009, from ProQuest. Document ID:  1663646261) NAACP, African American Criminal Justice Fact Sheet 2 (2007), available at http://www. naacp. org/advocacy/research/facts/Criminal. Justice. 9. 07. pdf â€Å"Operation Wetback. † Encyclopedia of Immigration and Migration in the American West, 2009. SAGE Publications. Retrieved September 17, 2009. http://sage-ereference. com/immigration/Article_n231. html. Racial profiling. (n. d . ). Dictionary. com’s 21st Century Lexicon. Retrieved September 29, 2009, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/racial profiling How to cite Racial Profiling, Papers Racial Profiling Free Essays string(94) " could make airports and flying safer, but it’s not the way that they should be made safer\." Argumentative Essay: Should Racial Profiling be Practiced? Ever since the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center, America has been on high alert because of terrorists. People are hesitant to get on airplanes because of the other people that they sometimes see on the planes. They sometimes see persons of the same race of those who attacked on September 11 and are skeptical of them. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Profiling or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is known as racial profiling, judging a book by its cover. Law enforcement should not be able to use racial profiling as a practice of capturing criminals or illegal immigrants. There are so many different cultures that have had people from that culture do something wrong, and now others become wary of people of that ethnic background. Besides being morally wrong, racial profiling is in violation of federal laws and can cause harm psychologically. This is not right because we all have equal chance of being someone who we are not. As stated from the Oxford English Dictionary, racial profiling is originally and chiefly  U. S. selection for scrutiny by law enforcement based on race or ethnicity rather than on behavioral or evidentiary criteria; discrimination or stereotyping on racial or ethnic grounds. People are sometimes judged by their race or ethnicity because of what others of the same race or ethnicity have done. What gives us the right to judge someone just because of their race or their ethnic background? Everyone should be treated the same no matter what ethnic background they come from. We all know that Middle Eastern persons were responsible for the attacks on September 11th, but that was only a specific group of them. Just because some people did this, it does not mean that the whole race has the same intentions. Let’s say A is a certain race and B is another. When a certain number of people of A perform a significant, heinous act towards B, should others in A be judged the same way? No, not all people are going to be the same. Daily, people are judged because of the color of their skin, where they came from, or their religious beliefs. One example of racial profiling that is fairly recent is the law that was enacted in Arizona. The law states that state and local law enforcement are required  to reasonably attempt to determine the immigration status of a person involved in a lawful stop, detention or arrest in the enforcement of any other local or state law or ordinance where reasonable suspicion exists that the person is an alien  and is unlawfully present, except if it may hinder or obstruct an investigation (Morse). This is pretty uch saying that if there is a person who looks like they can be an illegal immigrant, they may be asked for papers proving their citizenship when stopped for an illegal action, i. e. traffic violation, parole violation, etc. Although, the law also states that law enforcement cannot consider race, color, or national origin when implementing these provisions, except as permitted by the U. S. or Arizona Constitution (Morse). If the officers aren’t allowed to consider race, they should be asking all people, when stopped, for proof of citizenship. Most, if not all, unauthorized immigrants along the U. S. -Mexico border come from Mexico. According to a Department of Homeland Security report, in 2011 there was an estimated population of 6,800,000 Mexicans who were unauthorized immigrants. The total estimated number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States in 2011 is 11,510,000 (Hoefer). That means that the percentage of Mexicans that make up the total unauthorized immigrants is 59%. This is a very large percentage compared to all other countries that have illegally immigrated to the U. S. There is very little chance that you will see a person of Caucasian ethnicity and American background trying to sneak into the U. S. Police officers will have more of an inclination to ask residents who look of a Latin decent because of how many Mexicans come here. This is not right and this law that was enacted in Arizona is racially profiling most Mexicans as illegal aliens. It is not fair to those who have legally come here and have the right to stay. On September 11, the world witnessed one of the most heinous acts committed against the U. S. Nineteen Arab men hijacked four planes and aimed them at major civilian areas. Two planes were flown towards the World Trade Center, one was flown towards the Pentagon, and the last was taken down near Shanksville, Pennsylvania (Lee). Since that day, airports have greatly tightened up there security. In response to the attacks, â€Å"Bush signed into law the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA), This act established a new Transportation Security Administration (TSA), which consolidated security efforts inside the Department of Transportation (DOT)† (Blalock 2). In the airports, the number of screening agents was increased to about 56,000 workers by the end of 2002 (Blalock 5), and the number of hours needed for training was increased from twelve to one hundred hours (Blalock 6). Along with this and more thorough baggage screenings, airport security was also able to use airport profiling. â€Å"Airport profiling ‘permits investigators to correlate a number of distinct data items in order to assess how close a person . . . comes to a predetermined characterization or model of infraction. The modal characteristics and behavior patterns of known violations . . are determined relative to the characteristics of others presumed to be non-violators’† (Macdonald 132-33). Furthermore, the only people who have hijacked airliners for the purpose of mass murder have been Arab men. So the FTSA should incorporate gender, race, and age into profiling procedures (Macdonald 134). They shouldn’t, the only people to hijack planes for mass murder of others may have been Arab men, but every one of us has an equal chance of doing the same thing. Airports are technically targeting one specific group of people because of what they did what anyone could have done. Airport profiling could make airports and flying safer, but it’s not the way that they should be made safer. You read "Racial Profiling" in category "Essay examples" Along with being morally wrong, racial profiling also interferes with peoples constitutional and legal rights. In the U. S. Constitution, Section I of Amendment XIV says that no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (U. S. Const, amend XIV). Racial profiling procedures could have an influence on any person whose combined characteristics, such as gender, race, age, etc. , could permit closer examination. Along with Amendment XIV, â€Å"the Equal Protection Clause ‘prohibits selective enforcement of the law based on considerations such as race’ and is the ‘the constitutional basis for objecting to intentionally discriminatory application of laws’† (Macdonald 116). Racial profiling is blatantly in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Equal Protection Clause and we cannot change that. This country was founded on the fact that we all wanted to be free and all to be treated equally, why should we be discriminating against others because of their ethnicity? The only people who should be targeted are those who have actually done something wrong, or those of which we have evidence to prove them to be immoral. Throughout the years, there have been several smaller incidents of racial profiling. A lot of them have been traffic stop related or minor confrontations. In May 1992, Robert Wilkins, a Harvard-trained African American attorney, was pulled over ecause he and his other family members fit the profile developed and used by Maryland State Police to uncover drug-running activity along the highway. They were male, black, and were driving a rental car. In 1993, two 15-year old Asian-American girls, Minhtran Tran and Quyen Pham, were shopping in a strip mall in Garden Grove, California. While they were leaving the mall, they were stopped by the police. The police had said that the girls were dressed in â€Å"gang attire. † The articles of clothing that they were wearing were form fitting shirts and baggy pant, what all American teens wear. The Orange County police had specifically identified Asian youth as being involved in gangs. On September 14, 2001, an Indian-American and his family members were stopped and cited for a broken taillight. The officer then began asking them questions about their nationality and had asked for their proof of citizenship. The motorist told the officer that their papers were at home and the officer replied, â€Å"You are lying. You are Arabs involved in terrorism. † He ordered all of them out of the car and he searched the vehicle. When he found a knife inside a toolbox, hand cuffed the driver and later reported that the driver â€Å"wore and carried a butcher knife, a dangerous deadly weapon, concealed upon and about his person† (Lawson 9-10). All of the people mentioned above were targeted because of their race, none of which had actually done something terribly wrong. Officers assumed that minorities were more likely than others to be involved in certain types of criminal activities. There are several types of racial profiling, â€Å"driving while Black,† being the most widely known. The case of Robert Wilkins demonstrates this. Law enforcement has viewed the black minority as being involved in illegal drug activity. Hispanics have also caught the attention of law enforcement because of their involvement in drug activity and illegal immigration. This is known as â€Å"driving while Brown. † Since September 11th, Arabs have begun to also grab the attention of law enforcement in what is called, â€Å"driving while Arab† (Lawson 11). A study in Los Angeles showed that only 10 percent of the population of LA was Blacks, but 18 percent of the traffic stops were Blacks. Broken down further, â€Å"22 percent of Blacks who were stopped were asked to step out of their cars, as compared to only seven percent of Whites stopped. Once out of their cars, 67 percent of Blacks were patted down and 85 percent subjected to a body search. Fifty-five percent of Hispanics removed from their cars were patted down and 84 percent searched. By contrast, only 50 percent of Whites were patted down and 71 percent searched† (Lawson 12). That is only in Los Angeles; there are many other cities in the U. S. that experience this kind of discrimination. Other forms of racial profiling include â€Å"stop and frisk† tactics and customs service profiling. Along with racial profiling, there are the consequences. When law enforcement stops and interrogates one based on race, and then later on the person is let go because they were found completely innocent, that can be kind of humiliating. Officers go around and stop people and happen to find the few that are criminals and they deserve to go to jail, but there are far more of those who are innocent and do not deserve to be picked out just because of their race. A 1999 Gallup Poll revealed that 42 percent of African Americans, and 72 percent of African American males between the ages of 18 and 34, believe they have been stopped by police because of their race (Lawson 19). Law enforcement has taken their privileges a little too far in just having a hunch that that man/woman may be involved in some sort of criminal activity just because others of their race tend to be criminally involved. All in all, racial profiling is not going to go away, but that still does not make it okay to practice it. There are so many more innocent people of minorities compared to the guilty. Whether it is driving while Black, Brown, or Arab, not all are going to be criminally involved. Airport security has been heightened since 9/11. Although airport profiling may make airports and flying safer, it still is not morally right. Racial profiling is also in violation constitutional and legal rights. â€Å"A social problem is one that concerns the way in which people live together in one society. A racial problem is a problem which confronts two different races who live in two separate societies, even if those societies are side by side† (Pauline Hansen) Works Cited Blalock, Garrick. â€Å"The Impact of Post? 9/11 Airport Security Measures on the Demand for Air Travel. †Ã‚  The Journal of Law and Economics  50. 4 (2007): 1-42. Print. Hoefer, Michael. â€Å"Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2011. †Ã‚  Department of Homeland Security. Mar. 2012. Web. http://www. dhs. gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/ois_ill_pe How to cite Racial Profiling, Essay examples Racial Profiling Free Essays This paper is going to review recent studies on racial profiling and critiques many of their methods. I will be using the conflict theory to review a number of ways that may explain racial disparities in the rates of crimes. Also I will be using conflict theory to review how it affects people in society. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Profiling or any similar topic only for you Order Now It addresses the major problem of inequality that exists in society today. Racial profiling in America is where those in authority use race factor when arresting citizens. Racial profiling occurs when the police target someone for investigation on the basis of that person’s race, origin, or ethnicity. It has led police agencies across the world to start collecting information about traffic and pedestrian stops. The controversy over this is that all assumptions are race based. One example of this research states that police face the use of race to make decisions during traffic and pedestrian stops. The public is concerned that these decisions reflect racial prejudice, and racism. Many researchers continue to defend theses profiles, saying that they are based of accurate facts (Hersezenhorn, 2000; Kennedy, 1997; Taylor ;amp; Whitney, 1999). Other experts have tested the accuracy of these profiles, and still have argued that even if accurate, all decisions based off race is inappropriate (Harris, 1997, 1999a; Kennedy, 1997). There are two meanings to racial profiling. â€Å"Hard† racial profiling uses race as the only factor. E. g. an officer sees a black person and pulls him over for a search and pat-down. â€Å"Soft† racial profiling is using race as one factor among others in criminal suspiciousness. E. g. a report says that a Jamaican drug lord is driving a Jeep, so troopers pull over black males who are speeding in Jeeps. Even though the driver was speeding, the reason the officer pulled him over instead of the other cars, was due to his race. Minorities are usually the ones affected by racial profiling. According to the public, the war on drugs immediately became a war on minorities. There is evidence for racial profiling. One is anecdotal, which is a limited value. The other is statistical, which research is entirely worthless. Any evaluation of the evidence for the use of race profiling in policing must keep the contexts distinct. Today, skin color makes you a suspect in America. You are more likely to be topped, searched, be arrested or imprisoned. Racial profiling does not only exist in crime but in our society. People are segregated by race and ethnicity. A certain race may think that they are wealthier than others. They also believe that they have more power and education than other races. This creates a conflict between different races and ethnic groups. Class rank also conflicts when it comes to racial profiling. Upper class ideally has more power than middle and lower class. Thus, resulting in a group conflict. Lower and middle class want equal protection and power. Whites are usually in the higher rank, and blacks are in lower ranks. Stereotypes also fall into the category of racial profiling. When we see someone who is black we automatically assume they are African. When we see someone who is Hispanic we automatically assume their Spanish. When we see an Asian person we automatically assume their Chinese, and when we see a white person we assume their American. It’s the little things like this that are considered racial profiling. Most of us don’t think that it’s bad but someone could take it offensively. Another way we use racial profiling is when we meet people. When you see a nice dressed white male you assume he’s wealthy and intelligent. When you meet a black male, who is not dressed as nicely, you assume he’s a thug, or has dropped out of school. The saying â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover† not only works for books but for people as well. The labor laws state that no one should be turned down for a job due to disabilities or their age. Shouldn’t this be the same with race, ethnic, and skin color? In conclusion racial profiling still exists in the United States because we allow it too. It must be stopped, before crimes go up. We should not make decisions off skin color or ethnic backgrounds. We’ve come a long way and everyone should be seen as equals. Even though racial profiling exists in crimes and police stops, we should make an effort to change this. There are other ways to go about making an arrest or sentencing someone to jail. Skin color, ethnic background, and religion should not be factors when deciding to arrest or pull someone over. I believe that if we make an effort to let everyone know that racial profiling is still happening today we can make a difference to prevent it. References Robin Shepard Engel, Jennifer M Calnon, Thomas J Bernard. Justice Quarterly: JQ. Highland Heights: Jun 2002. Vol. 19, Iss. 2; pg. 249, 25 pgs Katy Hurst (2008). http://www. mightystudents. com/essay/conflict. theory. explain. 70034 Heather Mac Donald (Spring 2001). The Myth of Racial Profiling: http://www. city-journal. org/html/11_2_the_myth. html John Reitzel, Alex R. Piquero. Does It Exist? Studying Citizens’ Attitudes of Racial Profiling: http://pqx. sagepub. com/content/9/2/161. abstract How to cite Racial Profiling, Papers Racial Profiling Free Essays Racial Profiling Racial profiling has been around for hundreds of years and it’s still around, but not as bad as it use to be. Racial profiling is wrong for many different reasons and here is why. For example, racial profiling is wrong because you can’t judge somebody just because their skin color isn’t white. We will write a custom essay sample on Racial Profiling or any similar topic only for you Order Now Police officers were often pulling over people of color just for the fun of it. It was humiliating to the people because it made them feel like they were nothing more than a piece of garbage. The police officers didn’t take colored people seriously and just did what they wanted. They asked permission to search the car and when he refused they searched it anyway† clearly states that the police had no respect for colored people and their feelings. Furthermore, racial profiling is wrong because it really does not matter what color skin you have, you can still be a good person at heart. â€Å"Virtually everybody is innocent, and virtually everybody is not white† is a true statement because it’s not just black and hispanic people who are in gangs, rob stores, steal cars etc.. it’s white people to. It makes people feel sad and unloved, and sometimes pushes them to a point to where they want to commit suicide. Also, it starts fights and arguments and if it goes to far, you end up getting arrested. In reality, everybody makes mistakes. All in all, I feel racial profiling is wrong because if you think about it enough and try and understand what it feels like to be constantly harassed and humiliated, you wouldn’t like it either. Hopefully in the future, people stop being racist and just know everybody is human and everybody has feelings. How to cite Racial Profiling, Essay examples

Leading Management Team and Effectiveness †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Leading Management Team and Effectiveness. Answer: Introduction: Team performance management is considered as the concept of regulating the composition, direction of work group or team for increasing the efficiency of the team according to the measurement of the organizational benchmarks for groups (Hoch and Kozlowski 2014). Therefore, comparison as well as the difference between the standard performance and the actual performance of the employees helps to identify the team performance and thus it also helps in providing feedback. However, the most important three areas of team performance that should be monitored within a firm for its betterment include team work, discrimination within team and leadership (Williams 2013). These three mentioned areas are considered as having more importance because teamwork or work in-group helps the business to run its operations and regulations systematically and this also results into profitable production. Moreover, proper teamwork helps the employees as well as the company to overcome any challenges or obstacles easily (Colbert, Barrick and Bradley 2014). On the other hand, with the abolition of discriminations within the team like discrimination due to different cultures, gender, races, ages, experiences and educational qualifications, the power as well as the unity of the team can be increased. This will result into better running of the business and will also help in earning profits. Finally, proper leadership helps the employees to work accurately as this helps in providing good working environment to the staffs (Certo 2015). Thus, it motivates the team members to work more efficiently and effectively. Methods for Delivering Feedback Two methods that can be used for delivering feedback to the team members include Feedback Sandwich and Stop, Start, Continue. The later method would be effective as here employees can discuss their feelings of stopping, start doing and wish in continuing doing their job with their manager (Wang, Waldman and Zhang 2014). On the other hand, Feedback Sandwich method includes positive statement of the employees, can discuss the regions that can be improved and they can finish with more positive views (Elmuti 2013). Therefore, this provides positive feelings towards the organization and the work. Process Development for Addressing Conflicts or Issues A most common performance issue that arises within an organization is that the employers provide reward to non-performance by putting more attention and do not reward to good performance. Thus, this leads to occurrence of lack of reliability between the employers and the employees of the particular firm. As a result, to this particular situation, the performance of the employees as well as the organization was affected negatively. The reason behind this is that the unsatisfactory employees resulted into poor performance of the staffs and thus, it directly or indirectly influenced the performance of the organization (Benoliel and Somech 2014). It has been found that within the particular organization, the employers put emphasis on the performance of the employees who are non-performing and thus, for their performance appraisal, the human resource managers of the firm provide trainings. However, on the other hand, the employers of the particular firm do not reward the employees who per form well. Thus, efficient employees become inefficient and for motivating them, the employers should also reward them. Generally, the inefficient employees are provided with more attention as the employers aim to transfer or promote those employees to get out of the work group (Ou et al. 2014). Therefore, the employers should also put focus on the people who perform well and thus, the employer of the company should provide both monetary and non-monetary rewards to them. This issue regarding providing reward to the non-performance can be solved by holding inefficient employees more responsible for performing the jobs. Moreover, the employers should not clean up the masses of people for these staffs. The employers should keep the workload on these particular employees more balanced and even (Daspit et al. 2013). Additionally, the management of the organization can adopt the philosophical strategy called Do not bring me a problem without a solution for betterment of the operation of the firm. Finally, the employers should fix the problems and should not promote them or transfer them. On the other hand, for the issue regarding not rewarding the good performer, the employers should understand that the money is not the single method for rewarding the employees having good performance. Moreover, they should tune into the strategy of Whats in it for me and thus employees should continue doing things for what they get rewards. Therefore, the employers of the firm should reward the staffs having good performance and on time. The reward should be specific and the employers should be sincere about the matter (Bush and Middlewood 2013). Then, the employees will become more motivated and good performance will automatically help to be fitted into them. Role Modeling Effective Team Behavior There are several qualities that are related to role modeling and have both positive and negative effect on the team behavior. Therefore, role modeling plays an important role in any organization as positive impact influences the employees and also motivates them in their work (Rowland 2015). Thus, performance appraisal takes place that helps the firm to run profitably. The positive roles of a manager that assist in motivating employees as well as the behavior of the team include the awareness of the manager that is the leaders should open the door towards the employees for gathering their perceptions (Rushmer 2013). Moreover, the commitment made by the manager to his employees regarding development of the people helps employees to enhance their work performance. Additionally, empathy of the leaders requires tolerance of imperfection and these aids in understanding the employees better. Thus, the team behavior of the organization can be enriched. In addition to these, the foresight capacity of the manager or leader plays a vital role modeling for effective the team behavior. Listening builds strengths and thus it also work as a positive role for the employees. Lastly, the persuasion capacity of the managers of an organization also influences the behavior of the team positively and thus brings positive change to the employees as well as within the organization (Ravid et al. 2013). Identification and Communication of Unresolved Issues From a detailed study, it has been found that one of the outlets of the national retailing organization named Timat continued to attain a significant number of complain from its customers. Therefore, the aim of this report is to identify the issues and the process of resolve them in order to run the business profitably. It has been noted that the team functions well and works as per the performance plan (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Nevertheless, as per the regional manager the reasons behind this include the high rate of turnover of staffs, lack of training (formal) and poor communication of the employees. Process of maintaining open communication The open communication can be maintained within an organization through the following process. Firstly, a safe environment should be developed for team meetings, secondly, clarifications should be provided whenever an employee will unable to understand and lastly, unity within the team should be maintained. The process of open communication helps to obtain various ideas and suggestions from the employees as well as from the customers of the firm. Therefore, the management department of the firm should arrange for questionnaire survey, both online and offline for attaining the perceptions, ideas as well as suggestions of the employees regarding better running of the business (Mathis et al. 2016). This method also helps the firm to solve any issue easily. In addition to this, group discussion also plays an important role in the process of open communication. Evaluation of team performance The team performance of the particular firm can be evaluated by enhancing the team consistency and the behavior of the team. The team cohesion can be maintained by inspiring the employees by creating a common goal, keeping similarity within the group, encouraging the feedback and by considering everyones opinion. Moreover, by encouraging the personal connections, by resolving the conflicts between the employees the team consistency can be maintained. Additionally, the HR manager should keep notice on the ability of the employees and as per the requirement with the up-gradation of the work, proper training should be provided. Moreover, mentoring and coaching help the employees to enhance their present skills. For this, the manager should implement various resolution techniques, like discussion, written communication, mediation, voting and compromise. Additionally, the other techniques include listening first and then speak out, gathering of the group, employees should be impartial, broadcasting the praise and promoting teamwork also help in resolving conflicts. Achieving objectives of team There are various corrective actions that a manger can take to ensure that the team goals are achieved. However, the most effective method is comprised of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. This will help the manger to plan or set a particular set of goals for better running of the business and along with it proper organization of the plan will help to achieve it systematically. Moreover, the employees or the team members should be leaded accurately in a positive direction such that they can also be motivated for attaining the goal of the firm (Mondy and Martocchio 2016). Lastly, controlling and monitoring of the objectives will also assist to achieve the goals. Evaluation of effectiveness of proposed corrective action The evaluation of the proposed corrective actions will help to modify the goals or targets of the employees accordingly with the passage of time. Thus, probability of not achieving the goals will automatically reduce and thus it ensures the better running of the business. The internal stakeholders i.e. the employees and the external stakeholders i.e. the customers and the suppliers might face trouble with the understanding of the objectives of the firm. Thus, the stakeholders might face challenges during their investment in the company. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that for betterment of the employee-employee relationship and employee-employer relationship within the organization, the manager should provide the team with support mechanisms. These should include technology support, administrative support, management training and commercial support. Thus, it can be said that support mechanisms have positive effectiveness on the new ventures as it helps in enhancing the knowledge of the team members. References Benoliel, P. and Somech, A., 2014. The role of leader boundary activities in enhancing interdisciplinary team effectiveness.Small Group Research, p.1046496414560028. Bush, T. and Middlewood, D., 2013.Leading and managing people in education. Sage. Certo, S., 2015.Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Colbert, A.E., Barrick, M.R. and Bradley, B.H., 2014. Personality and leadership composition in top management teams: Implications for organizational effectiveness.Personnel Psychology,67(2), pp.351-387. Daspit, J., Justice Tillman, C., Boyd, N.G. and Mckee, V., 2013. Cross-functional team effectiveness: An examination of internal team environment, shared leadership, and cohesion influences.Team Performance Management: An International Journal,19(1/2), pp.34-56. Elmuti, D., 2013. The perceived impact of team?based management systems on organizational effectiveness.Team Performance Management: An International Journal. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Hoch, J.E. and Kozlowski, S.W., 2014. Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.Journal of applied psychology,99(3), p.390. Mathis, R.L., Jackson, J.H., Valentine, S.R. and Meglich, P., 2016.Human resource management. Nelson Education. Mondy, R. and Martocchio, J.J., 2016. Human resource management.Human Resource Management, Global Edition. Ou, A.Y., Tsui, A.S., Kinicki, A.J., Waldman, D.A., Xiao, Z. and Song, L.J., 2014. Humble chief executive officers connections to top management team integration and middle managers responses.Administrative Science Quarterly, p.0001839213520131. Ravid, S., Shtub, A., Rafaeli, A. and Glikson, E., 2013. From Project Management to Team Integration: Key Issues in the Management of the Human Resource in Projects.Foundations and Trends (R) in Technology, Information and Operations Management,6(2), pp.89-160. Rowland, C.A., 2015. Re-thinking the management of team performance: No longer disingenuous or stupid. Rushmer, R.K., 2013. How do we measure the effectiveness of team building? Is it good enough? Team Management Systems?a case study.Team Performance Management: An International Journal. Wang, D., Waldman, D.A. and Zhang, Z., 2014. A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team effectiveness.Journal of Applied Psychology,99(2), p.181. Williams, C., 2013.Principles of management. South-Western/Cengage Learning.

The American Tax System And The Flat Tax Solution Essays - Flat Tax

The American Tax System And The Flat Tax Solution The Tax System The current income tax system is in terrible shape. It is complex; unfair; inhibits saving, investment and job creation; imposes a heavy burden on families; and undermines the integrity of the democratic process. The system cannot be repaired by simple tinkering and fine-tuning, it must be completely repealed and replaced. The U.S. income tax code is a monument to unnecessary waste. The income tax system is so complex, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) publishes number 480 tax Forms and 280 Forms to explain the 480 Forms. The IRS sends out eight billion pages of forms and instructions each year which, if laid end to end, would circle the earth 28 times. Nearly 300,000 trees are cut down each year to produce the paper on which IRS forms and instructions are printed. But the administrative costs of the tax system far exceed those borne directly by the IRS. Each year Americans devote 5.4 billion hours complying with the tax code, which is more time than it takes to build every car, tru ck and van produced in the United States. The cost of complying with the tax system totals about $200 billion annually or when broken down: $700 for every man, woman and child in America. The main reason the tax code is so complex is the proliferation of deductions, credits and other special preferences in the tax law. Because of these loopholes, taxpayers with similar incomes can pay vastly different amounts in taxes. This uneven treatment of taxpayers is fundamentally unfair and is at odds with the American value of equality under the law. The American people are beleaguered by the highest tax burden in American history. Taxes represent a larger share of the U.S. economy than ever before. In fact, the typical American family now pays more in taxes than it spends on food, clothing, transportation and shelter combined. The tax burden on families with children has risen dramatically during the last few decades. High taxes have fueled unparalleled growth in government. The U.S. public sector is now larger than the entire economy of any country in the world except Japan and the United States itself. The tax code reduces incomes through punitive taxes on saving, work and entrepreneurship. It places multiple layers of tax on saving, thus reducing investments in new machines and technology that make American workers more efficient and competitive. High marginal tax rates (the tax rate on the last dollar earned) discourage work, saving and entrepreneurial activity, which leads to a smaller economy. By favoring certain economic activities over others, the tax code distorts financial decisions and reduces economic efficiency. According to a study by an economist with the Congressional Research Service, the corporate income tax costs the economy more in lost production than it raises in revenue for the Treasury. Dale Jorgenson, the chairman of the Economics Department at Harvard University, found that each extra dollar the government raises through the current system co sts the economy $1.39. The tax code does more than complicate people's lives during tax season and reduce living standards. It pollutes Washington's political culture. As special-interest provisions have been added to the tax code, Washington's lobbying industry has flourished. Washington's lobbying industry, which is the largest private employer in the nation's capital, generates $8.4 billion in revenue each year. If the lobbying industry were its own economy, it would be larger than the economies of 57 countries. While the thousands of lobbyists in Washington have prospered in an environment of tax favoritism, the typical taxpayer has not. The flat rate income tax bill, numbered H.R. 1040, proposed by Dick Armey (Rep., TX) and Co-sponsored by Bob Barr (Rep., GA) does away with the entire income tax code and replaces it with a flat-rate income tax that treats all Americans the same. This plan would simplify the tax code, promote economic opportunity, and restore fairness and integrity to the tax system. The flat rate would be phased-in over a three-year period, with a 19 percent rate for the first two years and a 17 percent rate for subsequent years. Individuals and businesses would pay the same rate. The plan eliminates all deductions and

A Child Called essays

A Child Called essays A Child Called It by Dave Pelzer A Child Called It is a story based on a real life boys tribulations with his mothers shocking abuse. When he was younger Dave and his family were considered the perfect family. Then, all of a sudden his mother and father started drinking and had problems in their relationship. Dave started getting the worst treatment imaginable. His mother all of a sudden treated him as a nobody or an It. His father wouldnt do anything about it and it made Dave hate him. She did many horrible things to him that he will never forget. He had two other brothers but they didnt get any of their mothers harsh beatings or tortures. Davids mother would starve him weeks at a time without giving him even a morsel of food. He had to steal food from stores and the school to survive. One day he stole hot dogs from the school cafeteria and someone caught him. When he got home his mother made him puke it up and then eat it again. She almost went to the extent of making David eat his baby brothers feces. Another incident was when David was cleaning the kitchen floor for his mother. She all of a sudden stormed into the kitchen and started yelling at him. Youve made my life a living hell! she sneered. Now its time I show you what hell is like! Right after she said that she took him by the arm, turned on the gas stove, and burned the flesh on his arm. She then proceeded to make him take off his clothes and lay on top of the flames. She tortured him for no reason except for her own sick pleasure. She would also make him drink ammonia, wear tattered clothes, sleep in the garage, and she even went to the extent of stabbing him and not taking him to the hospital. This story ended with David saying the Lords Prayer and praying for God to save him from his living hell. The sequel to this book is called T...

Learning Plan Outcome Report 2,000 words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning Plan Outcome Report 2,000 words - Essay Example The revised learning objectives were acquiring skills of recovery nursing both in clinical assessment and management of the postsurgical patients in the immediate postoperative period in the recovery room. This learning would also provide opportunity for application of knowledge and skills in the real situation where the learning along with evidence from research in recovery room nursing would be understood and applied in order to be able to deliver most appropriate care for the postoperative patients in the recovery room (Williams et al., 2002). The best way, thus, would be to constantly update personal knowledge and skill learning. The competency standards talk about accountability, and the best method to ensure accountability is to deliver care based on the state of the art learning (ANMC, 2004b). Specifically the learning would involve clinical assessment (ANMC, 2004a) and management of respiratory problems, pain management, management of nausea and vomiting, and documentation of care. Ans 1. The aim of recovery room nursing is provision of intensive observation and care in the postoperative patients, especially when the procedure had been done under anesthesia (Leykin et al., 2001). Ans 2. Q2. What are the primary objectives of nursing care in the Recovery Unit Ans 2. The primary objectives are recognition of major potential problems associated with a specific surgical procedure and initiation of appropriate corresponding actions. The nurses must be able to identify and demonstrate general procedures which are routine in the recovery unit, where the care will be documented until consciousness and physical functions are totally back to normal for legal reasons. It is better they use an established scoring guide for this reason (Wilkins et al., 2009). Q3. What are the serious events in the recovery unit that a nurse must watch for Ans 3. Respiratory problem, cardiovascular problem, and hemorrhage. Respiratory arrest is not uncommon in this liable and vulnerable situation. The nurse must be able to take corrective action promptly (Leykin et al., 2001). Q4. What are the primary goals of recovery room nursing care Ans4. These involve continuous, close monitoring, vigilant patient assessment; safe recovery from anaesthesia & surgery; skilled nursing action & patient management; prevention of, or early recognition & intervention of post anaesthetic/surgical problems; short-term intensive care nursing leading to optimal patient outcomes (Radford, 2003). Q5. What should be focus in care Ans5. The nurses must be competent and continue to assess their own competence. Immediate postoperative recovery care is important since in this phase many patient deaths may occur. Most of the deaths occur due to specific anesthetic errors, errors in judgment, lack of vigilance, and these can be prevented. Nursing care must focus on prevention of complications and their treatment if they occur (Radford, 2003). Q6. What should be the staffing ratios Ans6. Depending on the care needs and criticality of the condition, the staffing ratio varies. There is a recovery patient classification system, and based on that there are 4 classes, I, II, III, and IV, where the nurse patient ratios should be 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3

Assessment and Evaluation in the Work Place Essay

Assessment and Evaluation in the Work Place - Essay Example It is in the light of this that recruiters in such organizations must be conscious of the need for these diversity of skills and abilities and the most effective means of developing and utilizing them in the achievement of the aims and objectives of institutions such as the open and distance learning system (David). The present object of the study is to critically analyse and reflect upon your learning styles, skills, strengths & weaknesses, plan how you can develop them and learn from the experience. The study aims is to enable learning from the whole experience of work including a focus on learning generic skills and knowledge from the workplace. These include: understanding organisational structures, induction programmes, personal development and lifelong learning through reflection and critical analysis. The stakeholders of workplace include consumers, workers, managers, supervisors, and union officials, etc. who each bring their own perspectives and expectations. There are different types of workplace regarding various corners of life and various corners of working. The Coordinator position must be supported by the grant and/or match funds from the business and/or labor union. There are work places where students work for their academicals, workplace for workers who work for their profession. Our present concern is the workplace regarding students. 3. Difference of Assessment philosophy in the World Assessment methodology is differed in various regions in various respects in the world. Teachers often differ in the way they like to collect data. Some prefer to have a single checklist, naming all the students in the class (or in one work group) across the top and listing the criteria to be assessed down the side. The students' columns are then marked if a criterion is met. In this case some information would have to be transferred later to a student's individual record. Other teachers prefer to have one assessment sheet per student, which is forms part of the student's record. That sheet would list the factors for assessment down the side, but along the top might be a series of dates indicating when assessment took place. Such an individual file would illustrate development over the year. In this case, information might have to be transferred from the record to the official class mark book, as required. 4. Assessment in the Work Place Much research in education around the world is currently focusing on assessment and evaluation. It has become clear, as more and more research findings accumulate, that a broader range of attributes need to be assessed and evaluated than has been considered in the past. A wide variety of ways of doing this are suggested. Assessment and evaluation are best addressed from the viewpoint of selecting what appears most valid in allowing students to illustrate what they have learned. Time management in the workplace is great resource for employees to help manage their daily activities. This article

Typical Lesson Plan to Use for an English Class Case Study

Typical Lesson Plan to Use for an English Class - Case Study Example Ask the students to provide as many words as possible from the following phonic combinations after providing a few examples. The next part involves the student extracting phonic sounds from a given list of words. Actually, it was a lot more personal and took a lot more time. If one needed to get in touch with someone immediately the telephone was the way to go. It seems in today's world everyone has to get to everyone right away. " (J. G. Fabiano) Instructions for Phonics Exercises. Here are a group of phonic sounds. Ask the students to provide as many words as possible from the following phonic combinations after providing a few examples. While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the look-out for the mendicancy squad. In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr James Dillingham Young." Questions: What is intended by the phrase â€Å"when the income was shrunkâ € ? What does â€Å"flung to the breeze† mean in the context of this article? Named 3 words ending with the same last 3 letters of the word commencing on the third line, of the third paragraph. (Tutors notes: ‘beggar’ is the word in question) How many syllables are there in the word, â€Å"Dillingham†. What are the phonic sounds in the word, â€Å"sniffles†.

Current Education System Impact on Creativity

Current Education System Impact on Creativity Abstract This paper discusses how the current system education in Latin America kills creativity. The paper explains that standard test need to be reorganized and how the system would improve. Then it will show how free time is important for each student to have better knowledge. Finally, you will find how is the methodology of the system to reflect on the path we are following. Also along the paper there are some comments to solve the problem because that problem is affecting childhood. Keywords: Current educational system, creativity, students , methodology, childhood. The current education system kills creativity Does every person have the same opportunities in the current education system? The answer is clear No. Nowadays the current education system is based on a few important subjects such as maths, science and language but it does not focus on people who like to dance or sing. In the article The case for disruption in Latin Americans classrooms (Segan, 2016), Susan says that many schools in Latin America continue to use antiquated models for education. For many years education system in those developing countries has not had a great change, even though humans are developing every moment; our cars improved, our computers improved, and our engines improved. However, in the article Inteligencias Mà ºltiples: La teorà ­a en la prà ¡ctica. (Howard), Gardner suggest that we have been used this education system since industrial revolution. In those days this system worked because the world necessities only consisted on memorizing or following instructions. This education system uses those old techniques such as memorization but in todays world skills such as creativity, imagination, and innovation are needed. Gardner also suggests that there is more than only one intelligence so why does education system only focus on some of them? We have different ways to learn, create, and innovate so we cannot keep on using this system. Each person is different and unique so the system cannot judge us equal. Also, the world has changed since the industrial revolution and our necessities have changed too. Now we have many people without work because the system does not prepare them for new labour requirements because the world need more people who can solve problems. On top of that the current educational system believes that some subjects are more important than others such as math and dance but nothing farther than the truth because a dancer can create and innovate with his/her body. However we sometimes think that a mathematic or a logic person only has theoretical knowledge and c annot apply that kind of knowledge in real life, but that is not true in all cases. However the current system education guides us to think in a unique way. For those reasons by me there are 3 issues with the current system education that kills creativity. Standard test are not suitable for all students First of all, standardized tests are one of the biggest problems in the education system. In the article Inteligencias Mà ºltiples: La teorà ­a en la prà ¡ctica. (Howard) , the author says that there are several different intelligent. Based on this information in my view standard test is not a good way to evaluate a students progress. Standardized test are based on questions to benefit certain people with specific skills. For example, in Ecuador there is an exam called ENES which benefit people who have logical and linguistic intelligence. However, people who do not have those skills cannot pass this exam so they believe that they are not able to study anything. Those exams are created to benefit specific skills such as the ability to calculate math problems or create and solve equations. However, in the article The case for disruption in Latin Americans classrooms (20 May 2016), Susan Segal says that the way students learn and what they need to learn is rapidly changing so the ma in problem is Can a unique exam apply to everyone? According to Gardner there are different intelligent, skills and necessities so those kinds of exams do not work because each person has different skills and necessities. By the contrast this kind of test judges everyone as equals. Another issue is that a test takes a lot of time to be answered and is exhausting for students. People who control educational system should change test methodology and try to make them less stressful. With this in mind if tests were more practical, students would increase their knowledge faster and they would develop new important abilities. For example, with a test is difficult to value the real awareness. By the contrast by creating projects would be better to evaluate each student. By creating projects students develop skills such as to resolve real problems, create new ideas or improve leadership. In science, we dont begin by knowing the answer-we value the process ¨ (Ossola, 2014). That shows us that sometimes we need to move our hands to learn better. If we do not make the process we will have knowledge but we would not be able to apply that knowledge in the real world. One solution for this problem would be to decrease the number of tests and increase the number of pro jects but tests could be more practical because now there are a lot of tests that only exploit our ability to memorize. At the present time our world is more competitive and big ideas are required to improve our world. In this way test should be related to take advantage of those skills and guide us to use them to resolve real problems. Time should be better spent Secondly, the lack of free time for students is another problem in the current education system. Time is important for every one because we can use it on different things such as relaxing, doing homework, playing or whatever we like. However, what happens if we spend too much time in classes? We do not take advantage of the hundred percentage of our time because we have exhausting classes with a long schedule. In some cases each subject is token 2 hours per day, so teachers cannot stay those schedules and neither do students. Thus students get stressed easily and cannot pay attention very well. Also students who do not like some subjects spend their time in other activities such as playing on their cell phones, chatting or joking. Hence time is not taken advantage of in classes, so schedule should benefit students and teachers. Each one works better if they are relaxed. A good example to take advantage of time is in the article, A Young Tinkerer Builds a Windmill, electrifying a nati on. (2007). Where Sarah Childress says that while William Kamkwanba quietly plowed through homework, his classmates were busy gossiping and checking their Facebook profiles. He took advantage of his time while his partners did not spend time in a good way. Also William Kamkwanba created a new project without any pressure. He was relaxed and he worked better. Also he did not spend his time in classes because he was forced to work with his hands so he worked better if he was moving his hands. Also William Kamkwanba had done his work without any teacher; he is a great example of self-preparation. A great example of this is when he built a wind will only with a book. This shows that the only limit is our imagination. He worked every minute in his project so his project could be done. Based on that the scholar system should change the schedule and exploit each ones abilities taken advantage of every minute in classes and give more free time to decrease stress. Also the system should cons ider different ways to exploit time. As we can see in Willians example creating projects is one of the best solutions because with projects we are able to think outside the box and not waste time. Time is too important because we cannot recover lost time. The current methodology no longer works Finally, the current methodology based on memorization is an impediment to learn because creative people are wasting their time. Nowadays memorization is an important base in our education system. However not all students are able to learn in this way also this way of teaching does not teach critical thinking skills. If we think on memorization, scientist comes up our mind because some people believe that they are like robots and they only memorize their books. However , in the article Scientists Are More Creative than You Might Imagine (Nov 12, 2014). Ossola Alexandra believes that scientists are like artists as well. Scientists are able to create because they need new ideas. Also projects are based on new ideas and a scientist always does projects. If a scientist only has the ability of memorize, he would fail in the science world. However the education system, which I described before, is not useful for different skills based on creativity, it focuses in creating head knowledge. S chools only teach what they need to learn they only teach facts, but sometimes they do not teach how they can apply that knowledge and students are like machines, empty machines. A student can follow instructions but the real question is, can that student think by himself. Curiosity, initiative, leadership are not used in classes and they are abilities that can help a student not only in his studies also in his life. Innovative solutions and new technologies are emerging around the world (Segal Susan, 2016). That means that there are a lot of people with good ideas. However in Latin America those techniques such as creativity, collaboration, problem-solving and others are not taken of advantage because those skills are killed in schools or high schools. The system only teaches us to follow one way. Nevertheless kids are living a different reality so they need different skills. Memorization is an antiquate technique that should be changed by techniques like leadership or adaptability initiative. To sum up In conclusion if the current education system in Latin America based on memorization and head knowledge are not useful in the world today, we should find a solution to help people with fresh ideas, innovation or creativity. Today we are judge a fish by its ability to climb that shows us that we are not creating people who can solve real problems because the education system is focused head knowledge. However, the world need more than knowledge as developing countries we should be able to pick the best of other education systems from countries with better development. Also education system is too important for each one because kids are formed in this system and they will be the future of our society. Nevertheless we are killing their abilities and we are formed robots that only have linear thinking. Is true that there are problems so we need to identify which are they and try to find a solution. Childress, S. (2007, DECEMBER 12). A Young Tinkerer Builds a Windmill. Retrieved from THE WALL STREET JOURNAL: http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119742696302722641 Howard, G. (n.d.). Inteligencias Mà ºltiples: La teorà ­a en prà ¡ctica. Barcelona: PAIDÓS. Ossola, A. (2014, November 12). Scientists Are More Creative Than You Might Imagen. Retrieved from the Atlantic: http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/11/the-creative-scientist/382633/ Sean T, F. (Director). (25 june 2013). El Sistema Educativo Finlandà ©s Subtitulado web [Motion Picture]. Segan, S. (2016, May 20). The case for disruption in Latin Americas. Retrieved from The World Economic Forum on Latin: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/05/a-case-for-disruption-in-latin-america-s-classrooms/

Free Essays on Picture of Dorian Gray: Denied Talent :: Picture Dorian Gray Essays

The Picture of Dorian Gray Harry is Pan, the piper who leads Dorian on his path to destruction, decadence, and moral decay. As with Pan, the merry and much-loved god, the victim of the god's attention does not fare well. As Pan had Syrinx and Echo, Harry has Dorian. Pan caused madness and panic with his passions; Harry seems to have had the same result with Dorian. Wilde reveals much of Harry's character in the writing. His is the predominant voice; he delivers most of the dialogue. Is Harry the autobiographical character? He is shown as the clever, witty, blasé sophisticate; jaded, bored, and poised for an interesting project. Enter Dorian, whose innocence and beauty present an irresistible challenge. Before Harry, Dorian was unaware of his beauty. "The sense of his own beauty came on him like a revelation. He had never felt it before." (p. 18) It is Harry who makes him see and fall in love with his own beauty, and realize the brevity of youth. "Then had come Lord Henry Wotton with his strange panegyric on youth, his terrible warning of its brevity." (p. 18) In the space of an afternoon Harry has cast his spell; Dorian is convinced that youth is the only thing worth having. The gods had an unfortunate lapse in their wisdom. While Sibyl and her fellow goddesses asked for eternal life but forgot to ask for eternal youth, Pan has it right- the object of his affection will never become ugly and grotesque. Harry toys with Dorian, takes pleasure in his game. "Talking to him was like playing upon an exquisite violin. He answered to every touch and thrill of the bowThere was something terribly enthralling in the exercise of influence. No other activity was like it." (p. 26) This becomes a satisfying entertainment for Harry. He creates and dominates. "He would make that wonderful spirit his own." (p. 27) He projects his soul into the pure and graceful form that is Dorian. The tension between Harry and Dorian heightens; he fascinates and is reflected more brilliant by Dorian's gaze. "He felt that the eyes of Dorian Gray were fixed on him, and the consciousness that amongst his audience there was one whose temperament he wished to fascinate, seemed to give his wit keenness, and to lend colour to his imagination.

Organizational Theory & Research Essay

Organization is a â€Å"concept used in a variety of ways such as (1) a system or pattern of any set of relationships in any kind of undertaking; (2) an enterprise itself; (3) cooperation of two or more persons; (4) all behavior of all participants in a group; and (5) the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized enterprise† (Koontz, et. al. , 1980, p. G-11). Organization development is a â€Å"systematic, integrated, and planned approach to improve the effectiveness of people and groups in a enterprise through the use of techniques for problem discovery and various intervention techniques for solving these problems† (Koontz, et. l. , 1980, p. G-11). One of the key aspects of managing is â€Å"organizing† and it is a skill required of any manager if he or she is to be effective and successful in attaining organizational objectives and effecting change (see Koontz, et. al, 1980, p. 330). Management literature has acknowledged that people tend to cooperate with one another in the face of a crisis because man has learned that it is better to cooperate than to compete with one another. In cooperative activities, goals or objectives are achieved much easier than when individual persons act separately in attempting to achieve a group goal or objective. Organizing involves identifying the right people to involve in the design, development, and implementation of the process of problem identification and problem solving. One requirement of effective organizing is knowledge of the fundamental nature of group dynamics. When two or more people are formed to work on a particular task, they usually undergo certain stages of group development. These are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. During the â€Å"forming† stage, group members tend to be cautious and almost become aware of each word that each says to others; in the â€Å"storming† stage, members become impatient of formalities and tend to express themselves and demonstrate antagonism and sarcasm; in the â€Å"norming† stage, members learn to tolerate frustrations and become more acceptable of other members of the group; in the â€Å"performing† stage, team members has put aside their differences and concentrate on the objectives of the group, thereby performing to the fullest and achieving their preset goals and objectives; in the â€Å"adjourning† stage, group members have achieved their objectives and disbands themselves and return to their home organizations or department.

QVC SUCCESS, STRATEGY AND CHALLENGES essayEssay Writing Service

QVC SUCCESS, STRATEGY AND CHALLENGES essayEssay Writing Service QVC: SUCCESS, STRATEGY AND CHALLENGES essay QVC: SUCCESS, STRATEGY AND CHALLENGES essayDespite the fact that QVC emerged in the televised shopping industry much later than its competitors, it managed to quickly surpass them in many ways. Today, it occupies a dominant place in the television-retail sphere. The success of the company can be explained by strong commitment of its workers to quality and convenience of the products offered to the customers. The company also has a competitive advantage in the television-retail market. There are a number of reasons of why QVC became a leader in the television-retail industry during a short period of time. Among the reasons for the company’s success are close attention to the competitor’s weaknesses and strengths, employment of qualified TV producers with much experience in the required field and maintenance of high quality of the television-retail products. The three major values of the company are quality, convenience and value (Williamson, 1999). These principles form the basis of the company’s route to success. Each product of QVC undergoes strict quality control tests before they reach the TV screens. Finally, one more key to success of QVC is a guarantee of absolute money back assuring first-time and repeat customers in the trustworthiness of the company (Gudelunas, 2002).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The basis of the QVC’s strategy is customer orientation. Thus, back in the 1990s, the company created its own internet division to prove its loyalty to convenience. Over the years, the website of the company has undergone many changes and became more customer-friendly and convenient to use. The customers can put online orders 24 hours per day and 7 days per week. Furthermore, QVC aims at staying far ahead of its competitors by diversifying the range of products it offers to the customers (Williamson, 1999). The strategy of the company includes constantly improving the variety of goods that now range from clothing and accessories to electronic devices and food. The company also aims at learning the needs of its target audience to optimize the sales process. Moreover, QVC uses professional advertising campaigns to make its brand different from its competitors. Finally, the strategy of QVC is the controlled and well-though expansion of the company. Today, its products can be purchased worldwide from Great Britain and Germany to Japan (Gudelunas, 2002).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ever since the company has occupied a leading position in the television-retail industry, its major challenge is to be in advantage over its competitors and be focused on the expansion and growth in the future. So as to make sure that QVC maximizes its profits, the management of the company has to deal with a challenge of inventing new goods that would ensure high profits gained by the company (Porter, 1999). In order to make the business even more profitable, the customers’ desires should be met to full extent and QVC strives at achieving this goal. However, this can be a difficult process requiring resources and much time. The company strives at evolving so as to discover new products that would meet the needs of the mass market and still be of the highest quality which is the top priority of the company. QVC also faces a challenge of attracting the attention of new customers and expanding its client base so as to prevent the decline (Gudelunas, 2002). The company has successfully ventured into the new industrial markets in Great Britain, Germany and Japan, but the company’s expansion should not stop at this point. Today, QVC makes efforts to venture into other markets worldwide to further expand its customer base. Furthermore, another challenge for QVC is the planning related to future business environment. That is why the management of the company constantly strives for protecting the well-being of the brand evaluating the business environment (Porter, 1999). It shou ld be admitted that as long as the QVC Company does not lose its core mission of quality, convenience and value, it will most likely remain on the top of popularity in current and future television-retail industry.

kkk in the 1920s essays

kkk in the 1920s essays The Ku Klux Klan, is a secret terrorist organization that originated in the southern states during the period of Reconstruction following the American Civil War and was reactivated on a wider geographic basis in the 20th century. The original Klan was organized in Pulaski, Tennessee, during the winter of 1865 to 1866, by six former Confederate army officers who gave their society a name adapted from the Greek word kuklos ("circle"). Although the Ku Klux Klan began as a prankish social organization, its activities soon were directed against the Republican Reconstruction governments and their leaders, both black and white, which came to power in the southern states in The Ku Klux Klan's long history of violence grew out of the resentment and hatred many white Southerners felt in the aftermath of the Civil War. Blacks, having won the struggle for freedom from slavery, were now faced with a new struggle against widespread racism and the terrorism brought about by the Ku Klux Klan. While the menace of the KKK has peaked and waned over the William J. Simmons, a veteran, preacher and salesman, was a compulsive joiner, holding memberships in many different societies and two churches. He had always dreamed of starting his own fraternal group and in the fall of 1915 he put his plans into action. On Thanksgiving Eve, Simmons herded 15 fellow fraternalists onto a bus and drove them from Atlanta to nearby Stone Mountain. There, before a cross of pine boards, Simmons lit a match and the Ku Klux Klan of the 20th century was born. In 1920, the "re-born" Klan consisted only of a few thousand members. With the help of two publicists, Simmons spread the word of the Klan around the U.S. like wildfire. The Klan was to be pro-American, which to them meant anti-black, anti-Jewish and most importantly, anti-Catholic. The Klan grew rapidly from a ...

Mercedes Benz Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mercedes Benz Company - Case Study Example The deal created a new entity, DaimlerChrysler, which was the highest revenue earner in Germany. The best of technology, safety and comfort in automobiles came together to create the world's best known car company. "Responding to changes and challenges in the European marketplace, Mercedes-Benz's German truck business embarked on a project with Accenture to define and implement a sales and marketing strategy. The team designed, developed and implemented customer-oriented products and services. Accenture performed 10 pilots to implement the sales strategy, followed by a rollout at the retail level. The value creation for Mercedes-Benz Trucks includes a reorganized sales organization, as the division also has seen additional revenue from increased vehicle sales and penetration rates in services-not to mention more focused and efficient customer service." The sale of the Chrysler group to Cerberus Capital Management giving it 80% in the new company in August 2007 and the change of name from DaimlerChrysler to Daimler AG seems to be a tactical decision. The sale reportedly took place for US$6billion. This might have helped it overcome the losses it had suffered in 2006 and restore profitability in 2008. Keeping all the above in mind, information quality is of ut... 3.Identify the information likely to be needed to take each of the decisions identified in task 2 and explain how issues of information quality may apply to this information. 1. A very professional attitude to business. 2. Knowledge of market competitors and a will to merge with the competition if deemed fit for the growth of the business. 3. Innovation (new models), adoption of latest technology (simulators), application of information obtained from market surveys (Accenture survey in 2003). 4. In-depth market intelligence. Take into account complete global/regional scenario and demand for a particular vehicle before launching it in the market. Keeping all the above in mind, information quality is of utmost importance as the right information would lead to right decisions about the adoption of technology for launching new vehicles, dealership issues, outsourcing of labour and parts, government incentives/subsidies to look for and the kind of vehicle to be launched in a particular region. Successful trade leads could also mean more business in strategic and new locations. With the rise of e-commerce, it becomes not only necessary, but also easy to have access to quality information about the market competion. 4.Give at least 4 documented examples of competitor intelligence which are likely to be of interest to your company. Do not repeat material used in task 3. 1. Competition from Lexus According to Dan Lienert in Showroom Showdown dated 09.08.05, http://www.forbes.com/vehicles/2005/09/08/Lexus-Mercedes-convertibles-cx_dl_0908show_ls.html (accessed April 23, 2008) "In the first eight months of 2004, Lexus sold 141% more SCs in the U.S. than Mercedes sold SLKs--6,607 vs. 2,745. Pricing

Psyche (2010) By Donald Lipski Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psyche (2010) By Donald Lipski - Essay Example Lipski has set up public arts everywhere the country, each a reflection of the site and the people who infiltrate it. Psyche (the butterfly) is inactive in the â€Å"knuckle† domain joining the old with the new building up. To the old Greeks, Psyche not alone meant butterfly but as well soul, exalting the link between the organic and the advanced ambitions of the heart. Through Donald Lipski’s explore he identified that the butterfly was also a significant symbol to other cultures, intending rejuvenation, rebirth, and love. Approximately ten thousand test tubes filled with pigmented acrylic, the commonest and familiar tools of science, suggest the individual cells of the extensions. The work is large, approximately one hundred forty-five’’ across and ten’’ high, inactive to slowly draw in the currents of the HVAC. The â€Å"veins† of the wings are fancied out of brand and the domain intermediate is elongated with stainless steel mesh from which the test tubes are suspended. Donald created a butterfly built from steel and ten thousand resin filled gla ss test tubes, by the avid Denver artist, John McEnroe. Psyche (the butterfly), 2010 . Artworks: Sculpture. Retrieved from:

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Research Paper Example This also affects the jobs and the overall medical facilities and the same will be discussed under this subheading. Major Problems: Major problems caused by Illegal immigration will be discussed in this part and a comprehensive analysis of how to tackle the same will also be discussed in this part. Solutions to the problems: Once the problems are discussed, possible solutions will be discussed. The ways to stop illegal immigration will be discussed; this has been a long standing problem in the US and it is high time to deal with it. How to Restrict Illegal Immigration: This section will throw light upon the solutions to deal with this menace. Laws must be made stricter in order to ensure no illegal immigration takes place, only then can countries witness an unprecedented growth. Conclusion: Summing up the main points discussed in the paper and presenting a logical conclusion that will solve all the problems. Immigration can be of two types, one is legal and the other one is illegal. Legal immigration involves many hassles, there is a lot of paperwork involved but illegal immigration is different. People who know that they are ineligible for legal immigration try their hands at illegal immigration and many succeed immigrating into another country illegally. This has ramifications and this paper will shed more light upon the ramifications of immigration. The United States of America is a developed nation and there are many foreigners who have ensconced themselves in the country. There are many people in Mexico who try to sneak in illegally through the Mexican border into the United States, the personnel in the United States is well aware of this problem and have already taken measures to ensure that no illegal immigration takes place. People are always looking for shortcuts and they always find ways to simplify their work but at times these shortcuts can cost them dear. Immigration is a very complicated procedure, the paperwork involved can take months but this i s the legal way of doing things, illegal ways are adopted because people have no time and patience to do things legally, there are many illegal immigrants in the United States at this moment. Legal immigration becomes illegal when a person whose visa has expired decides to overstay in the country, this is also illegal immigration. A person whose visa has expired must approach the concerned authorities and extend the visa so as to ensure that they do not have to face any serious problems. The personnel have become aware of this problem and the procedure has been changed to deter people from overstaying in the country once their visa has expired. â€Å"Ten million illegal immigrants live in the US, according to estimates by academic and government agencies, although Bear-Stearns investment firm analysts claim that the US illegal immigrant population "may be as high as 20 million people." (â€Å"Illegal Immigration†) Every year millions of people sneak illegally into another co untry by crossing the border line, this is very common in the United States of America. This is called illegal immigration, in other words, people who do not have work permit or any kind of permission from the government to come and stay in that particular country. The same affects the health facilities in the country and negatively impacts the overall healthcare facilities in the USA. Research has found that illegal immigrati Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 12 Research Paper Example he helm of the leadership of Ghana upon the achievement of that country’s sovereignty in 1957, and is furthermore given credit for touching off an avalanche of independence movements that ran through the rest of Africa in the ten years following that achievement of independence. He would be ousted from power in 1966, via a coup, but by that time 40 countries all over Africa had been able to achieve independence and freedom from the hands of their European masters. For this reason, and for the strength of his leadership and his ideas relating to the importance of a free Africa and other key tenets, Nkrumah is regarded as a key political figure not just in Ghana but in Africa as a whole, apart from the influence and stature bestowed on him in the international stage as well. On a worldwide basis, many of his ideas and views have substantial weight and impact, including those that he held relating to national and regional development, a united and free Africa, and socialism, amon g others.1 His views on socialism, more of which shall be said later, were however tempered by a politics that was considered to be one of conciliation and friendship towards the western powers to some extent, and that means being friendly to some of the west’s ideas on democracy and democratic principles. 2 His ideas meanwhile on the unity of Africa as something that is urgent and necessary, a must, with the unity redounding to many benefits, political and economic, for the whole of Africa, is something that is said to have been validated by moves in Europe at unification, as well as in other places. 3 That said, some of his ideas relating to socialism and the adoption of socialist economic principles, such as the nationalization of aspects of Ghana agriculture, are said to have met with financial and personal disaster for the country and for its farmers, among others, tempering the positive assessment of Nkrumah’s role in the development of Ghana and African politics and economics.

Information Technology Act Paper Essay Example for Free

Information Technology Act Paper Essay Information Technology Acts Paper Shawanda Donelson BIS/220 March 31, 2012 Jacquelyn Jones Information Technology Acts Paper In the 1990s the Internet became popular, which children then had unsupervised access. Children were exposed to porn and other harmful materials. Congress tried to stop it and put it into law, but each direction it went was determined as being unconstitutional. To an extent, technology finally prevailed. Congress should not pass a law penalizing distributors, but they should pass a law that would affect those who receive Federal funding. Pornography has been around since the 1970s, which was controlled from minors. On December 15, 2000, President Bill Clinton signed into law the Children’s Internet Protection Act. This act puts restrictions on receiving federals funds. They must use technology and policies that filters or blocks certain material from being Internet accessible. These young children are being targeted because they do not fully understand the dangers of using the internet inappropriately. Therefore, if their parents are not educated about the dangers of Internet predators it makes it harder to educate their children. The Federal Trade Commission gave Congress a report in March 1998, showing that the children’s personal information did not have enough protection from hackers and predators. On April 21, 2000, the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) was put into law. The act applied to online services and commercial websites aimed for the attention of children. COPPA law attacks online communication which is sexually explicit that lacks artistic, scientific, serious literary, or political value (Child Online Protection Act and Child Online Privacy Protection Act, 2002). Conclusion In conclusion, the main advancement of technology was the Internet of both acts, one prevented others from collecting information from children, and the other prevented others from sending information to the children. The type of information that was disseminated was controlled by the development of the software technology. Both laws resistance were major, not from collecting or sending information but from people who they are trying to protect. References Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA). 2003). In Websters New Worldâ„ ¢ Computer Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/entry/webstercom/children_s_internet_protection_act_cipaChild Online Protection Act and Child Online Privacy Protection Act. (2002).

Advantages and Disadvantages: Event Driven Process Chain

Advantages and Disadvantages: Event Driven Process Chain The reason to choose UML to create a model among the other choices is its simplicity and ease of use. The structure of the end model obtained using UML is easy to design. The given case on hospital procedures was simple to understand but when comes to addressing the problem with a model, its an entirely different story. This is because the given case consists of four core issues and each issue has to be addressed properly. We identified the actors use cases, functions and their attributes at the first place. The very next step was to interpret the identified elements into graphical units. These are pretty much the steps involved in designing the model using UML. The first constraint to arise was how to handle external actors while using use case diagrams. Next on the priority list was whether to implement the model using swim lanes or normal flow when it came down to activity diagram. With reference to the hospital case, the entity à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½general practitionerà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ which was suppose to be interpreted as function it was rather used as a external actor. Similarly the standard swim lanes which were to be used in accordance with activity diagram protocol were replaced by using the alternate normal flow diagram. The initial work of interpreting the given problem into workable modeling units was carried out. It was followed by dividing the complex issue into small modules so as to achieve better efficiency. The model is highly influenced by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½modular programming approachà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. That approach helped us a lot in understanding the complex issue by dividing it into number of sub-issues and addresses them individually. These collections of smaller solutions ultimately added up to the consolidated solution. Reflection on the modeling process: (EPC) It was an entirely different approach from UML model. As far as we are concern, this model is an enhancement of a basic flow chart. This is because, the shapes, the flow and the structure the model is highly influenced by a flow chart. The model required extensive analysis to segregate the model units from the given case. It takes quite some time to get accustomed to new rules of modeling difficulty arises when we tried to give a base model for the entire case so as to give a skeleton approach. Adding to the complexity, the use of logical connectors and splitters was a tedious job. Modeling the various issues and the core processes posed a variety of problem during the early stages. For example usage of logical splitters and connectors was different from using other branching structures. And also the rules of using units like à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½eventsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½functionsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and the others was to be kept in memory prior to joining them with the other units. The structure of the model was a long one when compared with that of the previous model. Some portions of the problem given had to be modified, which in process gave away parts of the literal components. Adjustments and modifications were carefully tailored so as to meet the conditions and rules of how the model to be made. The work was to pick out units with reference to EPC such as events, functions and organizational units etc. we identified events from all the core issues which were to be followed by functions. In a similar fashion the other model units were sorted out. After that these individual units were integrated as according to the rules of EPC. The areas in which logical connectors were to be used were identified and the connectors were put into their place. This ensures proper structure and flow of process. Reflection on the modeling Language: (UML) This is because; the given case is simple but an elaborate one. Thus, a reader could easily identify the number of entities involved and their roles and still could progress through the entire model which is an elaborate one without losing the track of the process. How and when a reader could get confused with the different models depends on the knowledge of the user, that goes as a different topic altogether. But even an ordinary reader could spot the persons, the different processes and the flow of the model readily and easily. And also the UML diagram itself is quite easy to design which involves few graphical elements. Unlike other modeling languages, UML emphasizes on à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½use casesà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ which are in essence are nothing but notations of the essential activities results and the functions which constitutes to the entire process. It helps the user to easily get used to the protocols of using use cases and implement them. Since the actors and external actors are depicted against the use cases, its easy to connect the performers of the action and their sub sequent results. Complexity of producing a suitable model for business process is reduced to a greater extends. As far as the hospital case is concerned, UML is the most suitable modeling language to aid the user as well as analyst due to the above said reasons. This case produces four core processes starting from admission of patient till the discharge of patient, which involves quite a lot of actors and their functions which in turn produce the given results. One could easily interpret statement into the business model using UML by just using a handful of graphical units without any ambiguities. We say this so because, the four critical issues are addressed with the specific actions being transferred into particular use cases one after the other in a typical UML fashion. Each actor is connected to their actions and the directional connectors indicate the flow of action. For example: A nurse in this hospital performs the following actions like allotting bed, recording the admission time, conducting ward rounds, providing medical care and updating registers. It is evident from the above said reasons that the role of nurse involves quite a few activities and these activities are supposed to be recorded and depicted in business model to ensure complete data base of the events and their functions. Adding to these facts, one needs to know that these actions are not consecutive and happened in a sequence ware the activities performed by other actors coming in between them or preceding them or succeeding them. Only in UML we could connect the specific actions performed by distinct actors without getting entangled in the collection of various other functional units. In a nut shell, a reader could grasp the flow of different actors and their functions at the same time in a single diagram. The only substantial drawback of UML is not able to implement logical flow and branching options i.e. in the given hospital case, there are instances were two parallel events occur where one cannot use UML modeling to depict the parallel events occur For example: A nurse provides medical and general care whereas in parallel another nurse prepares the necessary test forms and forwards them to the physician. Using UML we interpreted this problem statement in the following manner à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½provides medical careà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½prepares test formà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½; a reader could not understand whether these two processes occurred at the same time or at different instances. So these processes were placed one after the other and connected to a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nurseà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. From the above example we can infer that UML does not aid plotting of parallel events. The key factor missing in UML is a lack of logical decision makers and branching functions example in discharging of patient, there is logical branching condition which needs to be satisfied, the condition is the patient is to be cured of diagnosis or else the entire treatment cycle has to be read. It is not possible in use case diagram as these two unique events need to be addressed as separate use cases rather than branched activities or events. Comparison of Languages: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Logical connections and decisions cannot be performed in UML use case models and it could be done in EPC. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ We have faced little difficulties while addressing parallel processes in use case diagram. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Structure and integration could be expressed more efficiently in EPC rather than UML. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Only in UML we could connect the specific actions performed by distinct actors without getting entangled to other functional units. Advantages of UML: UML is the popular approach of visualizing and documenting the software systems design. UML gives object oriented design concepts and ità ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s independent of specific programming language. UML is a popular and technique for documenting and modelling system. It ensures set of symbols to represent graphically the various components and relationships within the system and UML can be used for business process modelling and requirements modelling, it mainly uses to support object oriented system analysis and to develop the object models. Real time UML, this approach is the application of UML to design the real-time system. It emphasises the system with structural and behavioural language models and those designing modelling include the architectural mechanical and detailed design .Object oriented methodologies have employed in the construction of the real time system. The introduction of IT for hospital case is expected to be a major issue in re-designing the processes. Therefore, some of the functions will be speeded by developing suitable software and hardware artifacts. To do so, the business models should be seamlessly matched to software engineering models. As a standard, UML seems to be currently the best choice for expressing such models Disadvantages of UML: UML has still no structure and specification for modeling user interfaces. From our point view, the main disadvantage of this model is lack of formality. UML is used in a implementation process and we wish to use it for our stage of this process for consistency and to protect the user translating work into a innovative language. The other related reason is simply that if users are familiar with UML it may be worth keeping it, as a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½front endà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to a formal language. Advantages of EPC: One of the main advantages of the EPC is that it is both powerful and easily understandable for end-users. EPCs are often used for capturing and discussing business processes with people who have never been trained in any kind of modelling technique. Although EPCs can be understood even by untrained personnel, the same models can be refined and used for the requirements definition of an information system. This is one of the reasons that both many end-user companies and many software vendors are using EPCs for business process modelling. The existing connections with traditional modelling methods (e.g. data models, such as the entity relationship- model) have been very useful for developing information systems for process-oriented organizations. Therefore many users have asked for a similar kind of connection between EPCs and UML diagrams. Comparison of process: ? UML is richer of concept than ARIS because of the presence of Stereotype, and this enables a higher view of modelling for specific cases. ? ARIS allows personalisation of the model as one concept is represented in many symbols.The software platform also allows integration of business and IS concepts. ? EPC method and UML have different scopes of business modelling. There is a need to use one language in both software and business fields. ? Logical connections and decisions cannot be performed in UML use case models and it could be done in EPC. ? We have faced little difficulties while addressing parallel processes in use case diagram. ? Structure and integration could be expressed more efficiently in EPC rather than UML. ? Only in UML we could connect the specific actions performed by distinct actors without getting entangled to other functional units. Reasons for choosing EPC: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The EPCs meet the requirements to put forward with respect to the ease of understanding by non-specialist in modelling. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ EPCs can offer a multi-level view of the process, since a function in an EPC could be explained in more detail by means of another EPC. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ EPCs give a consistent, formally supported process oriented language that can ensure simulation of the processes. Comparison between EPC and UML: When comparing the EPC and UML for modelling business processes, there are some aspects from which we can view the correspondences and differences between these two methods. The comparisons can be mainly grouped into three aspects: Context: This aspect covers in which context the EPC or UML are developed and used. Both diagrams can be used for modelling business processes, but both have different contexts under which they are developed. Ambiguity: In modelling business processes, it is possible that the EPC or UML diagrams that are created would be ambiguous. Examples of this are implicit decisions, possibility of having blocking, etc. Therefore it is necessary to take a look at the exactness or ambiguity of the diagrams constructed with EPC or UML Activity Diagram. Notation/Terminology: Both the EPC and UML activity diagrams have similar concepts à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ such as fork/join, branch/merge, atomic/extended activity, etc à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ but they are represented using different notation and terminology. Some notation does not have a counterpart in the other diagram. This indicates the semantic differences between them. Therefore we will compare both notations and terminologies to see the correspondence of symbols of one diagram in another diagram and the differences between them. Context Even though the EPC and UML Diagrams are used or can be used to denote business processes, they were developed in different contexts. This pragmatic difference comes from the different modelling approaches that drive the EPC and UML. There are two approaches to model a system. Process-oriented modelling: In process-oriented modelling, the main focus of modelling a system is the process inside the system. A process consists of sequences of events triggering activities. The events themselves are the results of other functions apart from initial events that trigger the whole process. By introducing logical operators, this event-driven control structure can be expanded to a complex control flow illustrating relevant decisions and potential for concurrency that happen in the process. This process-oriented modelling is the basis for the EPC, which found its way as a standard for modelling business processes of an enterprise. The basic EPC model can be extended by further semantic components to illustrate the elements participating in the process such as information objects and organization units. Object-oriented modelling: In object-oriented modelling, the main focus of modelling a system is the objects inside the system. A system is a bunch of objects that have relationships among them. These objects communicate each other by exchanging messages. An object is a discrete and differentiable entity in a system. Each object has properties and exchanges messages through operations. This object-oriented modelling is the basis for UML, which is mainly used in software development such as enterprise information system. Initially activity diagrams are targeted for modelling the dynamics of internal objectà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s actions. Because of its characteristics similar to flowcharts and its capability to visualize concurrent activities, they can be generalized to model operations, use case scenarios, workflows and business processes. Exactness: The formal description of EPC can be used to analyze the syntactical correctness of an EPC diagram. However in practice there are still some problems regarding the exact meaning of some elements in the EPC. The ambiguities arise from the analysis of how elements in an EPC diagram interact in a flow of process. Those ambiguities are: Conjunction of start events: An ambiguity concerning the modelling of start and end events occur in the EPC. It is obvious that nodes without input edges are the start events and similarly nodes without output edges are the end events. But the interpretation is left to the reader, which combination of start and end events he should see as admissible, that is, as seen in reality. The problem becomes obvious when there exists à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½events from the sideà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ meaning start events in the middle of the process which has been started some time before by the first start events. These usually represent communication with external entity. However this conjunction of start events is not explicitly modelled in EPC. Semantics of logical connectors: There are three logical connectors in EPC, that is, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ANDà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connectors. In chapter two we have already discussed how to connect these logical connectors to events and functions in the control flow. We know that because an event cannot be used to make decisions, an event cannot be followed by logical connectors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Nevertheless there is also an ambiguity in the semantic of logical connectors, especially in the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connectors. Consider the case in figure 4.1. In the case of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ANDà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector, the function F1 can only start when both events E1 and E2 occur. That is clear, the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ANDà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector serves to synchronize by waiting until both events have occurred. In the case of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector, the switching rule of the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½exclusive orà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector says that if either event E1 or event E2 occurs, the following function F1 can start. One question arises, what does the rule mean, when both events occur one after another, for example E1 occurs first then after some time E2 occurs? Can the function then run twice: The first time after the occurrence of the first event, and the second time after the occurrence of the second event? There are several interpretations for what the modeller wants to express, when he uses this connector: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ When both events occur at the same time, they block the following function, or à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Both events cannot occur at the same time, or à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ When the following function starts, then exactly one of both events must have occurred. For the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector, the following rule applies: when at least one of the events occurs, the following function can start; when both events occur at the same time, the function can only start once. A similar question arises for the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector as for the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ one à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ that is, whether the function runs once or twice. Again, there are several interpretations when the events occur one after another, but in the case of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector it is obvious that when both events have occurred the function is not blocked. E1 E2 E1 E2 E1 E2 AND XOR OR F1 F1 F1 Two events arriving at one connector Deadlocks and Loops: For simple EPC graphs it is easy to analyze whether the graphs work or not, but for complex graphs we need a tool to analyze them. It is possible that even when the graph is semantically correct according to the definition of EPC, still an analysis shows there can be deadlocks when executing the process according to the diagram. A deadlock means that in reality when the start events occur à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ thus the process runs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ after some time the process is stuck somewhere in the graph unable to reach the end states. Possible causes of deadlocks are mismatches of logical connectors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ especially in complex graphs where connectors link to other connectors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and different interpretation of logical connectors. For an example an à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector can work either in à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ mode or in à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ANDà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ mode. If an opening à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector works in à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ mode but the closing à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector works in à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ANDà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ mode or the other way around, a deadlock would happen. This can be solved if the closing à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½knowsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ in advance in which mode the opening à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector works. Another possible problem discovered by graph analysis is looping. A loop may cause a process to run forever. This is usually not intended to occur in business processes. Notation/Terminology Since both EPC and UML Activity Diagram serve to visualize processes and workflows, both diagrams have similar notations for some common terminologies such as activities, branches and merges, forks and joins, etc. as well as some notational differences between them. These notational correspondences and differences will be discussed here and we will use the result of these notational comparisons for the translation from EPC to UML. The notational correspondences and differences of both diagrams can be categorized as follows: Functions and Activity/Action States: Both the functions in the EPC and activity/action states in UML Activity Diagrams are the active elements that represent what a person of an organization unit or an actor in a use case diagram do with respect to the process. Therefore it is clear that functions and activity/action states represent specific business tasks within a company. That means that they share the same role within their respective diagrams. An activity or a function usually takes some extended time to execute. Events: In the EPC an event is a passive element that triggers a function and is a result of another function. The events can also show the change of status of an object over the process chain. There is no correspondence of events in activity diagrams, even though the activity diagrams are based on state diagram, but the states are mostly activity states, while an event is not an activity. Nevertheless if we take a look at the example of EPC some of the events, especially those that are the direct results of a function, are redundant. For example in the figure 4.2 the result of the function à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½capture requirementà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½requirement capturedà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ which means that the resulting event is just to show that when the function finishes control will pass to the event which in turn triggers the next function. However in activity diagram this intermediate result is not explicitly declared. This is because the transition in activity diagrams means that as soon as an activity state finishes it does not have to wait but instead it will trigger the next activity. Control flow and Transitions: Control flow in the EPC corresponds to the transitions in UML Activity Diagram. Control flow is used in a process-oriented approach to show the process chain over time from one event that triggers a business function that in turn results in another event. Activity diagrams are based on state diagrams in which transitions are defined; transitions show the change of states over time. Control flow and transitions are instantaneous; they are assumed not to take so much time. However in the EPC, between two functions there can be some time for the control/token to be kept in an event. Logical connectors: Logical connectors allow the splitting of control flow in the EPC and transitions in activity diagrams. For the splitting regarding to taking a decision between different alternative paths, both diagrams have a similar construct, which is known as branch/merge. The branching and merging of control flows in the EPC is represented using the logical à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector plus the events following it. The same mechanism in activity diagrams is implemented using the decision diamond symbol and transition labels. Both diagrams also support the notation of parallelism known as fork/join. The forking and joining in the EPC is shown using the logical à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ANDà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector while in activity diagrams it is shown using the synchronization bar. Actually a synchronization bar corresponds to an à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ANDà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector together with the events before it, because a synchronization bar waits for all transitions to arrive. The main difference between EPC an d activity diagrams in the case of logical connectors is that EPC supports à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½inclusive orà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector while there is no notation in activity diagrams to denote the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector. Organization units and Swim lanes: An organization unit in the EPC is attached to a function its responsibility for the respective business task. In the activity diagrams this is accomplished by arranging the activities that belong to the same department in a company or activities being done by the same actor in a use case into swim lanes. Iteration Activity diagrams support the notation for iteration which is not available in the EPC. The comparisons between EPC and activity diagrams are summarized in the following table: EPC UML Context Process-oriented modelling Object-oriented modelling (business oriented) (IT oriented) Exactness/Ambiguity à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Event from the sideà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, deadlocks, loops, logical connector semantics Notation/Terminology Active Element Function Activity/Action state Passive Element Event Process chain Control flow Transition Logical connectors Branch/Merge à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector Decision diamond Fork/Join à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ANDà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector Synchronization bar à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Inclusive orà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector Actor Organization unit Swimlane Iteration à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½*à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (multiplicity sign) Summary of comparison between EPC and UML Translation between EPC and UML Diagram In translating from EPC to activity diagram and the other way around, we will use the results from the comparison between EPC and UML Activity Diagram as already discussed before. To translate from an EPC diagram to an activity diagram, the following guidelines can be used. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Determine the organization units involved in the process chain together with the functions that each of the organization is responsible for. Align the Organization units into separate swim lanes in an activity diagram. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Transform each function into activity/action states in the activity diagram and put it in the swim lane of the organization unit being responsible for it. If the function is a complex hierarchical function (which is also called a process), the refined EPC for that specific function can be either drawn as a complex activity state (meaning that inside the activity state we must specify some actions performed in the activity as well as entry and exit actions) or it would be better to draw the function in a separate activity diagram. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Transform the corresponding logical connectors from the EPC into the corresponding elements in the activity diagram. The branches and merges represented by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connectors are transformed into decision diamonds and the forks and joins represented by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ANDà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connectors are transformed into synchronization bars. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Connect the activities and decision diamonds or synchronization bars according to the control flow in the EPC. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Add the start event(s) and end event(s). It is possible to have multiple start events and end events. This can be considered as multiple start events in the EPC or can also be considered as several scenarios in one diagram. However, there are some problems with regard to the translation from an EPC to an activity diagram: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ As can be seen from the comparison, not all logical connectors for splitting and joining the control can be modelled in a straightforward way. The main problem is with the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector; there is no corresponding element in activity diagram to represent this logical connector. One solution is to express this à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connection in terms of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½XORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ANDà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connectors. To show this, we know from the logic theory that for two variables x and y, the following equation applies: Using this equation we can translate two alternate paths taken based on an opening and a closing à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connectors into the following diagram: OR F1 F2 F1 F2 F1 F2 OR The branch/fork solution for the elementary or-connector However if the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ORà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ connector connects more than two alternative paths the resulting translation in the activity diagram would be very complicated. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The organizational responsibility for activities is expressed in activity diagrams using swim lanes. However, swim lanes are not sufficient for modelling advanced and precise organizational relationships. These are important for example for the definition of workflows when support through workflow management systems is intended. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Another problem with respect to translation from EPC to activity diagram is related to the loss of important information contained in events and information/resource objects. Some of the events are related to the change of state of an information/resource object. We can show this change of objectà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s state as an object with the object flow in an activity diagram, but if there are many information/resource objects in an EPC, they would make the diagram very hard to read. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The definition of activity diagrams as state machines is quite problematic for applying activity diagrams according to the UML definition for business process modelling because actually not all business functions can be regarded as internal action states, e.g. interaction with outside business units. A reverse procedure can also be applied to transl